Antiacademy English Dictionary

Antiacademy English Dictionary

miércoles, 1 de abril de 2026

/chary-meaning

/chary-meaning

/chary

-) Adjective.

-) Pronunciation and accent: tʃɛərɪ.

-) Comparative form: charier.

-) Superlative form: chariest.

-) Etymology: from Old English cearig “careful”, from cearu, caru “care”. Walter Skeat: chary is the adjective of care, and partakes of its double acceptation: sorrow, heedfulness.

-) It is dated from 1000.

-) 1. Obsolete and pristine meanings: -) a. Causing sorrow. -) b. Feeling sorrow.

-) 2. Archaic meaning: kept or preserved carefully as an object of affection.

-) 3. Current meaning: (the subject: an animated being) careful, cautious; caring much.

-) Synonyms for “chary”: wary, cautious, circumspect, careful, prudent, heedful, concerned, interested, mindful, attentive, solicitous, regardful.

-) Antonyms of “chary”: reckless, careless, rash, heedless, unconcerned; not caring; uninterested; indifferent, regardless, unattending, inattentive, unmindful, unsolicitous, unheedful, incautious, unchary.

… the importance of being chary of one's steed on the prairies.

Irving… A Tour on the Prairies… 1835

-) a. Specially: careful about what to eat and what not to eat; hesitant about food; fastidious:

Another [eagle], which is rather smaller, not so powerful, … is either for the land or water, hunting or fishing…; not inhabiting so wild places, nor quite so chary in its food as the former…

R. Mudie… The feathered tribes… 1834

-) b. In special: cautiously reluctant; careful no to do something.

-) It is usually construed with the prepositions “of”, “in”. Less usually “about”.

There is a coarser variety of this fish… that is not so chary in taking the bait.

The Sporting magazine… 1840

It appears that the populace, having become somewhat chary in their belief in astrologers, conjurors, and mountebanks, were more loth than before to part with their money to such worthies.

London. Vol. 1-2, edited by C. Knight… 1842

She was on all occasions chary of opening the street door.

Dickens… Chuzzlewit… 1844

… his habitual reserve often concealed feelings that he was chary of displaying.

J. Stepney… Leaves from the diary… 1854

He looked habitually on the ground when he conversed, was chary of speech, embarrassed.

J. Motley… The Rise… 1855

The sheriff's name was O'Malley, which is reason enough why Luis was chary of confiding Mexican secrets to his keeping.

Bower… Starr… 1917

-) b. In special: careful not to waste; careful not to part with.

-) It is usually construed with the preposition “of”.

The ancient Persians, as well as the Parthians, esteemed water the best drink: for, we are told of their kings, that they drank nothing but water; of which they were very chary, as well as cautious in their choice.

C. Lucas… An essay on waters… 1756

The Literary Club… had now been in existence several years. Johnson was exceedingly chary at first of its exclusiveness, and opposed to its being augmented in number.

Irving… O. Goldsmith… 1832

Fortunately, however chary the Indians might be of their horses, they were liberal of their dogs.

Irving… Astoria… 1836

At five o'clock in summer, at seven in winter (for Miss Honeyman, a good economist, was chary of candlelight), Hannah woke up little Sally, and these three women rose.

Thackeray… The Newcomes… 1854

My father sits… in his chair all day, more chary of speech than ever, more irritable, and with look more vacant.

Robinson… The House… 1855

[Gustave] haunted the dull salon, dim and dreary in the twilight; for Madame Magnotte was chary of lamps and candles, and prolonged to its utmost limits the pensive interval between day and night.

E. Braddon… Charlotte's Inheritance… 1868

I have other things that I care more to write to you about than politics, and am chary of my space, because, though I can cross my letter, I can only have one sheet of paper.

F. Kemble… Records of a Girlhood… 1878

-) Words derived from “chary”: unchary, charily, chariness.

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

sábado, 7 de marzo de 2026

/celebrate-meaning

/celebrate-meaning-etymology

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation and accent: lɪbreɪt. 

-) Etymology: from Latin celebratus, participle of celebrare “to frequent, celebrate”, from celeber “much frequented, famous”.

-) Transitive: -) 1. (Documented since 1500) to perform (a ceremony, a marriage, etc.) by means of a celebration; to perform solemnly with the appropriate rite; to solemnize. 

… to have your nuptials celebrated.

S. Richardson… Clarissa… 1748

The widow then, partially keeping her promise, actually celebrated her nuptials on the appointed evening.

J. Motley… United Netherlands… 1869

… celebrated his funeral with great magnificence

J. Lord… Ancient States… 1869

-) 2Obsolete meaning: to enter into (a contract). (Documented since 1500).

-) 3. -) a. To solemnize; to commemorate (an anniversary, festival, etc.) with one or more ceremonies or rites; to observe with rites or with special formality.

-) Translation: célébrer, in French; celebrar, in Spanish; celebrare, in Italian.

… soldiers of the conqueror, who celebrated his victories by a splendid festival.

J. Lord… Ancient States… 1869

-) Also without a direct object. (Documented since 1900).

-) 4. -) a. To make publicly known or much talked about; to render celebrated. 

-) b. To speak the praises of (somebody or something famous)


This natural group has been long celebrated for their docility, and easy instruction, whether in music, or in performing a variety of tricks.

A. Wilson… American ornithology… 1808

[The] beauty of her eyes, so celebrated by all the contemporary poets.

A. Jameson… Visits and Sketches… 1834

[Sea Perch fish] was celebrated as well for the excellency of its flavour, as for the stratagems it used when encircled by nets, or fastened by the hook.

Jardine… The Natural History of Fishes… 1835

-) Celebrated (adjective): having celebrity; famous; famed; renowned.

-) Words derived from the verb CELEBRATE: celebration, celebrity, celebrating, celebrational, celebrative, celebrator, celebratory, uncelebrated.

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

martes, 17 de febrero de 2026

/caution-verb-meaning

/caution-verb-meaning-etymology

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation and accent: kɔːʃən.

-) Third-person singular simple present: she, he, it cautions.

-) Preterite tense, preterite participle: cautioned.

-) Present participle: cautioning.

-) Etymology: from the noun “caution”, which is from Latin caution “caution”, from caut- participial stem of cavere “to beware, to caution oneself”.

-) It is dated from 1600.

-) Transitive: -) 1. To give a caution to (a person); to advise (them) to be careful or to take heed of danger, risk, or misconduct.

-) Synonyms for “caution”: to warn, admonish, forewarn.

-) Antonyms: to deceive, advise, delude.

-) Translation: avertir, in French; advertir, in Spanish; avvertire, in Italian.

I recollect now how you used to caution me when a girl.

C. Marryat… Jacob… 1842

As we neared the grounds returning, he stopped me and we had a further brief confidential talk together. I was young and egotistical enough to think that I could defy all the rivals in existence, but he cautioned me, saying: "Hold on, Tom. You're young yet; you know nothing about the weaker sex, absolutely nothing.”

A. Adams… A Texas Matchmaker… 1904

-) With the preposition “against” + a noun or a gerund:

[They] cautioned me against melancholy.

S. Richardson… Clarissa… 1748

… women cannot be cautioned too much against such lovers.

H. Fielding… Amelia… 1751

It is sufficient… to caution the reader against drawing general inferences from particular instances.

P. Shelley… A Defence of Poetry… 1821

To caution him against their visitor, to show any fear or suspicion in reference to him, would only be, she feared, to increase that interest with which Barnaby regarded him, and to strengthen his desire to meet him once again.

Dickens… Barnaby Rudge 1841

… he cautioned her against assumptions and appearances.

Dickens… Little Dorrit… 1857

-) With the prepositions “about” andon” + a noun or a gerund:

The Intendant cautioned him on his behaviour in many points, and also relative to his dress… during his stay in the metropolis.

Marryat… The Children… 1847

Fanny cautioned me about this, and she objected, and I object.

Dickens… Little Dorrit 1857

cautioned her about showing that she knew too much.

Walter… My Secret Life… 1888

I was allowed to retain my horse, provided he did his share of the work. A mule and three range horses were also allotted to me, and I was cautioned about their care.

A. Adams… Reed Anthony… 1907

-) With the preposition “to” + a noun or an infinitive:

[He] cautioned her to be extremely careful with respect to any money transactions with Mr Harrel, whose splendid extravagance he assured her was universally known to exceed his fortune.

Burney… Cecilia… 1782

His old friend cautioned him to the utmost carefulness in the preparation of prescriptions, which advice he scrupulously followed.

Titan. A monthly magazine… 1852

… families were publicly cautioned not to go out of town without removing their furniture to upholsterers' warehouses for security.

Dickens… A Tale… 1859

There had been little need to caution me to secrecy. I was not tempted to speak.

H. Wilson… The Boss… 1905

-) With the prepositional construction “as to”:

Mrs. Hollister attended them to the door in person, cautioning her guests as to the safest manner of leaving her premises.

Cooper… The Pioneers… 1823

He did not choose to caution Ethel as to whether she should burn the letter or divulge it to her friends.

Thackeray… The Newcomes… 1854

-) With the preposition “from” + a noun or a gerund:

… to caution parents from trusting to the specious representations of any schoolmaster…

E. Howard… Rattlin… 1834

-) 2. (The object is a clause introduced by the conjunction “that”, or in manner of quotation) to interject, utter or say as a caution or warning.

I swam in the direction of the hill… I had remarked to my companion, before leaving the raft, that I was convinced it could not be more than three miles off, and I had often swam a much greater distance. He cautioned me that three miles appeared very little on the water; and repeated, that I should be lost if I made the attempt.

J. Adshead… A Circumstantial Narrative… 1833

I feel as if it were some one else speaking to you, and not I, when I caution you that you have made a dangerous friend.

Dickens… David… 1850

"Now, don't be too sure," cautioned Joel. "You can't see one hundred yards in this storm, and if you get bewildered, all country looks alike. Trust your horse in any event…”

A. Adams… Wells Brothers… 1911

"Ssh!" cautioned Merton.

H. Wilson… Merton… 1919

"The wolf!" he cautioned, grasping the shoulder of his companion.

M. Brand… The Night Horseman… 1920

-) English words derived from Latin cavere: precaution (noun, verb), precautioning, precautional, precautionary, precautious, precautiously, cautioned, cautioning, cautionary, cautioner, cautionless, cautious, cautiously, cautiousness, incautious, incautiously, incautiousness, incaution, over-caution.

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

sábado, 7 de febrero de 2026

/careless-meaning

/careless-meaning-etymology

-) Adjective. 

-) Pronunciation and accent: kɛəlɪs.

-) Etymology: it is analyzed into the noun of CARE and the suffix –less.

-) Comparative form: more careless.

-) Superlative form: most careless.

-) It is dated from 1000.

-) 1. Obsolete and pristine meaning: having no care (anxiety or apprehension). 

If there was any act of friendship he particularly prized, it was the intervention that should relieve him of the anxiety and trouble of a difficult negotiation, and leave him, thoughtless and careless, to stroll about, neither thinking of the present nor uneasy for the future.

C. Lever… The Daltons… 1852

-) 2. (Of somebody) having no care for anything; not concerning oneself with anything.

-) Antonyms of “careless”: careful, concerned, interested, mindful, heedful, attentive, solicitous, regardful, cautious, chary.

-) Synonyms for “careless”: unconcerned; not caring; uninterested; indifferent, regardless, unattending, inattentive, unmindful, unsolicitous, unheedful, incautious, unchary.

-) Translation: descuidado (de), in Spanish; incurante (di), in Italian; inattentif (à), in French.

What was the passion so powerful that it would almost induce the generous to be mean, the careless to be cautious, the guileless to be deeply designing, and the dove to emulate the serpent?

Dickens… Speeches… 1880

-) With the preposition “of” + a noun or a gerund:

I am careless at present of consequences.

S. Richardson… Clarissa… 1748

Few of either sex thought it necessary to hide themselves under the awnings of bathing machines: posts, with ropes fastened to them, are fixed into the sands, and these were taken possession of by numerous groups of women, six or seven in a row, jumping, ducking, laughing, and screaming, evidently as careless of being seen as of being drowned.

R. Ayton… A voyage round Great Britain… 1815

Fear is something a horseman should never exhibit in his conntenance or voice, as the horse is a close observer, and soon learns to take advantage of such indications to become careless of control, if not indeed aggressive.

R. Gleason… Gleason’s horse book… 1832

After a very little talking, which he was careless of and quite indifferent to, they told him he was to go to Newgate, and took him away.

Dickens… Barnaby… 1841

On he went, careless of the burning heat and the hot rays of the sun.

C. Lever… The Daltons… 1852

Mr. Lascelles might have been a more congenial companion, but he was taciturn by nature, and utterly careless of being agreeable to others.

C. Cameron… English Life… 1855

[Friedrich Wilhelm] stays well at home, careless of affairs that are not his.

T. Carlyle… History of Friedrich… 1859

I remember that I made a last appeal to her as we walked towards it, and that we loitered on the bridge, careless of who might see us there, in a final conflict of our wills.

H. Wells… The Passionate Friends… 1913

-) With the prepositions “about”, “on”, “upon”, “toward” + noun:

I was very indifferent and careless upon this subject; but not a little uneasy at finding that my dress, so different from that of the company to which I belonged, attracted general notice and observation.

F. Burney… Evelina… 1778

Both sexes… seem very careless about their hair, and have nothing like combs to dress it with.

J. Cook… The Three Voyages… 1821

While the young bees are in the larva state, the utmost care is taken of them. If any member of the hive is rude or careless toward the egg, or worm, or the yet unhatched pupa, the nurses are very angry.

Merry’s museum, vol. 5-6… 1842

He got quite careless about his dress.

H. Wells… The Wonderful Visit… 1895

-) With the prepositional construction “as to” + a noun, a gerund, or a dependent clause introduced by an interrogative adverb:

Reckless enough as to facts, he is never careless as to effect.

The westminister review… 1824-1914

From preferring to be good, rather than to seem so, the people had now become equally careless as to being and seeming.

Pinnock… The Guide to knowledge… 1833

… careless as to results, indifferent to obstacles.

W. Ainsworth… Rookwood… 1834

In no part of the kingdom were the farmers more careless as to the breed, providing only that the cows were true Suffolks.

Youatt… Cattle… 1834

-) With a subordinate interrogative clause (she is careless where he went = she does not care where he went):

… when they found detection approaching them, they wished to ward it off, careless what were the means, careless who was the instrument.

Gurney… The trial of Charles… 1814

To avoid observation, she was too happy to retire again into a corner with him who was now the whole world to her. Never had she looked more lovely, never had he felt prouder of her charms; yet they danced the first dance together, careless who was looking at them, thinking only of themselves.

M. Hudson… Almack’s 1826

… he still threw his line, in thoughtful mood, and seemed all too careless whether the fish were caught or not.

G. Rainsford… The robber… 1838

As he proceeded, careless in which direction, he met many with whom he had been acquainted.

Marryat… The Phantom Ship… 1839

You must… give me some fish... Any one kind of fish, I am entirely careless which.

J. Bentham… The works… 1843

We had gone out by the front door; we soon traversed the park; and getting into the lanes, hurried on, ignorant and careless where we were going.

Marsh-Caldwell… Mount Sorel… 1845

“I promise!” she cried aloud, at intervals, careless who might notice her, and trusting that Alice might be yet within hearing.

J. Vincent… Lady Alice… 1849

… careless which way I turned my steps, crossed the river.

F. Smedley… Frank Fairlegh… 1850

Letter-writing has become an easy [… thing]. We write because we have got something to say, feeling careless how it is said.

The living age, vol. 44… 1855

At the corner of the street he stopped to light another cigar, and possibly to ask himself what he was doing otherwise. If so, the answer was indefinite and vague. Who knows what he is doing, who is careless what he does!

Dickens… Our Mutual Friend… 1864

-) With a dependent clause, introduced by the conjunction “that”:

The great triremes and quinqueremes rushed onward past the lagging transports, careless, in the mad race for safety, that they were leaving the greater number of their comrades defenceless in the rear of the flight.

C. Kingsley… Hypatia… 1853

-) 3. (Of a person or a similar animal) having little or insufficient care in doing anything.

-) Synonyms: inaccurate, negligent.

-) Antonyms: careful, cautious.

It is, doubtless, the natural fertility of the country, combined with the mildness and serenity of the climate, that renders the natives so careless in their cultivation, that, in  many places, though, overflowing with the richest productions, the smallest traces of it cannot be observed.

The Three Voyages… J. Cook… 1821

Strabo informs us that, in his time, the copyists were so careless that they neglected to compare what they wrote with the exemplar.

W. Stevenson… Life… 1826

The work is thus done much better and cheaper, as it could be done with fewer men, and without the danger that often occurs by careless men neglecting their duty.

The Yearbook of facts in science and art.. 1851

Possibly the writer was careless in speaking of this subject.

A. Wigan… The great wonders… 1856

I mention this to show that he was not careless in his habits, but that, on the contrary, he always took the greatest precautions against fraud or violence.

A. Pinkerton… The Somnambulist… 1875

He… appeared to be careless in his dress.

Biographia Epistolaris… 1911

-) 4. -) a. (Of an act, a personal quality) done, caused, or said with little, insufficient, or no care; characteristic of carelessness. -) b. (Of the manner of doing something) characteristic of carelessness.

-) Antonyms: careful, heedful, solicitous.

-) Synonyms: unconcerned; unheedful.

The dialogue was soon concluded; and with the same careless indifference with which they had approached each other, the mother turned towards the inner end of the yard, and the girl to the gate at which she had entered.

Dickens… Sketches by Boz… 1836

The right arm of the Chess-Player is extended at full length before him, at right angles with his body, and lying, in an apparently careless position, by the side of the board.

Poe… Maelzel’s Chess-Player… 1836

… approaching him [the villain] in a careless manner, as if about to address him, [Peters] seized him by the throat, and, before he could utter a single cry, tossed him over the bulwarks.

Poe… The Narrative… 1838

… his son leaned in an equally careless attitude against a donkey, which, with a pair of panniers and a bundle of stakes upon its back, formed a conspicuous feature in the group.

W. Ainsworth… Mervyn… 1858

-) Words derived from “care”: carelessly (adv.), carelessness, carelesswise, carer, caretake, care-taker, care-taking, cared, careful, carefully, carefulness, uncaring, uncaringly, uncaringness, uncared-for, uncareful, uncarefully, uncarefulness, overcare (noun), over-careful, over-carefully, over-carefulness, over-caring.

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

domingo, 11 de enero de 2026

/browbeat-meaning

/browbeat-meaning-etymology

-) Verb. 

-) Pronunciation and accent: braʊbiːt. 

-) Etymology: it is analyzed into BROW (noun) + BEAT (verb).

-) Preterite tense: browbeat.

-) Preterite participle: browbeaten

-) Present participle: browbeating.

-) It is dated from the end of 1500.

-) Meaning: to intimidate by a stern look; to discourage by looking sternly. Hence: to bully; intimidate by words or in an aggressive manner.

-) Translation: intimidar con la mirada, in Spanish; intimidire ammiccando torvamente, in Italian; intimider avec le regard, in French.

They browbeat me and frightened me till I did as I was told.

A. Trollope… Can you forgive her? 1864

-) With the preposition “into”: the state resulting from the browbeating:

There had been some woman, who […] had been cheated and browbeaten into silence.

C. Yonge… Monthly Packet… 1851-1899

I admired the pluck of my little friend, that would not let him be browbeaten into paying it out before he was ready, though in apparent danger from the Indian with the bad-looking eyes.

F. Ober… Travels in Mexico… 1883

-) English words derived from “browbeat”:  browbeating, browbeater.

 

 

Your Book Translated into Spanish

viernes, 9 de enero de 2026

/brisk-verb-meaning

/brisk-verb-meaning-etymology

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation: brɪsk.

-) Etymology: from the adjective BRISK.

-) Preterite tense, preterite participle: brisked. 

-) Present participle: brisking.

-) It is dated from the end of 1500.

-) Transitive: -) 1. To render (an animated being) brisk.

-) Synonyms for “brisk”: quicken, bestir.

-) Antonyms: mope, torporize, torpefy, numb.

-) Translation: attivizzaredinamizzare, in Italian; dynamiser, in French; dinamizar, in Spanish.

A cup of wine that brisks up me.

G. Thornbury… Art and Nature… 1856

Next morning, Laurance woke him at eight, and Dan grumbled about getting up, although he was assured that he had slept the clock round. However a cold bath soon brisked him up, and he came down to the sitting-room with an excellent appetite for breakfast.

F. Hume… The Mystery Queen… 1912

-) 2. To make (wind, fire, etc) brisk.

-) 3. (Of someone) to effect (something) with briskness.

Modestine brisked up her pace for perhaps three steps, and then relapsed into her former minuet.

Stevenson… Travels… 1879

-) 4. To translocate, move or transfer (something or someone) with briskness.

-) Intransitive: -) 1. (Of someone) to become brisk; to behave or move briskly; to change from one state of dullness to one of briskness, promptness, activity, etc.

-) Synonyms: bustle, bestir.

-) Antonyms: laze, dull.

Our horses brisked up wonderfully, the grey forgot that he was bearing so fat a man as Mr. Briggs, the chestnut was oblivious of his packs, and all at a swinging canter came up to the farm door.

S. Baring-Gould… Iceland… 1863

"Well, I can't understand all that," said […] John, with rueful sulkiness, from which he brisked up to ask… 

W. Howells… Questionable Shapes… 1903

… I brisked out of bed…

H. Wilson… Ruggles… 1915

-) 2. (Of fact, action, thing, etc.) to become brisk.

-) Antonym: dull.

Things have been dull all the fall, but I thought they'd brisk up come winter. They haven't.

Howells… The Rise… 1884

-) 3. (Of wind, fire, etc.) to become brisk.

-) Antonyms: dull, weaken.

-) English words derived from “brisk”: brisk (adj.), brisken, briskening, briskish, briskly, briskness, brisky, brisked, brisking

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish