Antiacademy English Dictionary

Antiacademy English Dictionary

lunes, 17 de febrero de 2025

/abut-meaning

/abut-meaning-etymology

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation and accent: əbʌt.

-) Etymology: from Old French abouter “to border on”, from a- (to) + buter “to push, strike”. The word was perhaps confused with Old French abuter “to put end to end, to come to an end, to aim”, from a- (to) + but “end, thing aimed at, purpose”.

-) Preterite tense: abutted. Preterite participle: abutted.

-) Present participle: abutting.

-) Documented since 1200.

-) Intransitivelya. (Of a land, estate, region, or the like) to be contiguous with another, along a border. 

-) Synonyms for “abut”: march with; border on; skirt; end at.

-) b. (Of two or more substances, estructures, etc) to be contiguous with a projecting part or end, as strata do when it is supported by another.

-) Translation: aboutir, in French; colindar, in Spanish; confinare, in Italian.

These glaciers […] were detached, not running in continuous curves along the coast, but abutting from opening valleys.

E. Kane…. Grinnell Expedition… 1915

-)With the preposition “on”, “upon”, “into”, or “against” + noun of what is contiguous:

To apply the arches to their piers, and to one another, they should abut upon one another.

A. Jamieson… A Dictionary of Mechanical Science… 1827

The passages wound through the walls of the modern part of the palace and abutted in effect at the old Owl Tower, as it was called, on the outer wall.

Thackeray… Barry Lyndon… 1844

Nevertheless, the houses in Guildford Place were near; and their back premises abutted against the outer aide of the wall along which he was now proceeding.

G. Reynolds… The mysteries of London… 1844

It was a steep rocky cliff, abutting far into the stream.  

Poe… Morning… 1844

Within this same crater, strata of coarse tuff, chiefly composed of fragments of lava, abut, like a consolidated talus, against the inside walls.

Darwin… Volcanic Islands… 1844

Philadelphia goes early to bed, and the streets were lonely and silent, but much better lighted than the portion of the town abutting upon the Delaware.

A. Mackay… The Western World… 1849

This afternoon a carrier’s cart with two men made a call at the empty house whose grounds abut on ours.

Bram Stoker… Dracula… 1897

-) Transitively: -) 1. To adjoin with an end; to border on.

[Blofield] is situated to the N. E. of Henstead, and, abutting the city of Norwich on its western extremity, comprehends an area of about twelve miles in length.

J. Dugdale… The New British Traveller… 1819

The said river wall is intended to be constructed as nearly as possible parrallel throughout with the raised land abutting the shore.

The London Gazette, Part 2… 1829

… other similar laths are then to be nailed throughout the whole length of the joists with their ends abutting each other.

The Mechanics' Magazine, Museum, vol. 23, 1835

… the argillaceous summits of the southern part are abutted by limestone.

G. Long… The geography of Great Britain… 1850

When two arches were placed abutting each other.

W. Bland… Experimental Essays… 1862

-) 2. To cause to abut or end against; to support by abutment; as, to abut a timber against a post.

To take and assess the value of such portion of the land in a like case, upon which a mill dam has been abutted with the consent of the owner. 

The Statutes of the State of Indiana… 1852

-) Words derived from “abut”: abutter, abutting, abutment, abuttal.

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

martes, 11 de febrero de 2025

/droop-meaning

/droop-meaning-etymology

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation: druːp.

-) Etymology: from Middle English drupen.

-) Preterite tense: drooped (druːpt). Preterite participle: drooped.

-) Present participle: drooping.

-) Documented since 1300.

-) Intransitively: -) 1. (Of a plant, animal, etc.) to have or undergo a bent posture, or inclination or fall, from physical inability or fatigue, want of nourishment, or the like.

-) Synonym for “droop”: (of a plant) to flag.

-) Translation: tomber, in French; caer, in Spanish; cadere, in Italian.

Like a delicate flower, that has drooped on, being deprived of air and light and which suddenly revives when revisited by the zephyr and the sunbeam, she appeared to have recovered in that morning walk some portion of her former animation.

Bentley's Miscellany… 1842

He dropped the cup and spurred his horse away; but, soon fainting with loss of blood, drooped from the saddle.

Dickens… A Child's History… 1851

-) 2. -) a. (Of a part of a body) to become suspended from another while being attracted downward by gravity; to be or become inclined from its vertical position, without disunion. -) bParticularly: (of eyes) to be inclined downward, with the eyelids lowered; (of head, gaze, etc.) to be or become inclined from its vertical position.

-) Synonyms for “droop”: hang, dangle.

She suffered her head to droop back again upon the grass.

G. Rainsford… The False Heir… 1843

Miss Walker's head suddenly drooped on Mr. Collins's shoulder.

The Irish Metropolitan Magazine, vol. III… 1858

Then she looked, for the first time that night, so hardly into his stern and sallow countenance, as to make his gaze droop before her own.

E. Meteyard… Mainstone’s Housekeeper, vol. II… 1860

Heavy eyelids drooped over his eyes.

Oscar Wilde… The Fisherman… 1891

By that time the tree is a month old, you may perceive a small body almost as big as one's arm, and then there are eight or ten leaves, some of them four or five foot high […]. As the young leaves spring up in the inside, so the old leaves spread off, and their tops droop downward, being of a greater length and breadth by how much they are nearer the root, and at last decay and rot off…

W. Dampier… Voyage Round the World… 1937

-) With the preposition “from” + noun:

The leaves drooped from the stem without losing colour.

J. Lindley… An Introduction to Botany… 1835

… the profusion of fair tresses that drooped from the head of Miss Dorcas, mingled in charming contrast with Ada's luxuriant, dark hair.

J. Maitland… The watchman… 1855

-) 3. (Now only of the sun, day, etc.) to descend into a space; to decline, go down

 Already the sun was drooping far down the west, and sending its golden glow sideways through the trees.

Star Papers… 1855

-) 4. To become gradually less in vital strength and energy; to languish.

But nothing can reconcile the children of the Indians, to the customs, manners, and methods of living among the Europeans: However caressed and indulge ed, they droop and languish, until they return to the freedom and wildness of the forest.

S. Williams… History of Vermont… 1809

The horse drooped from fatigue.

Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine… 1847

-) 5. To become gradually less in courage; to become despondent.

-) Synonym: to quail.

The shout, so suddenly and generally raised, was heard beyond the ring of sentinels who guarded the pavilion of Council, and spread among the soldiers of the host, who, inactive and dispirited by disease and climate, had begun, like their leaders, to droop in resolution.

W. Scott… The Talisman… 1825

-) Transitively: to let (face, the eyes, etc.) droop; to cause to decline or hang; to bend; turn towards the ground.

…. I drooped my head on the shoulder of my dear aunt.

G. Mason… The widow's choice… 1823

Aza paused, and sighed as she drooped her head upon her bosom; yet the pause was but that of a minute.

A. Bray… The Talba… 1830

The secretary drooped his head with an expression of perfect acquiescence in anything that had been said or might be.

Dickens… Barnaby… 1841

"Stand here and look me in the face: if you lie, I can tell it—you can't and shan't deceive me." He lifted her, by a sweep of his strong arm, on to the top of the newly-sodded grave. Thus, standing somewhat on a level, he was face to face with her; and that she might not droop hers, he grasped the shawl beneath her chin.

E. Meteyard… Mainstone’s Housekeeper… 1869

Fleur drooped her eyelids; turned a little pale, and bit her lips.

Galsworthy… The Forsyte Saga… 1922

-) English words derived from “droop”: drooper, drooping, droopingly, droopingness.

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

domingo, 9 de febrero de 2025

/dupe-meaning

/dupe-meaning-etymology

-) Noun.

-) Pronunciation: djuːp.

-) Etymology: from French dupe “deluded person”.

-) Documented since 1600.

-) Meaning: a person who has easily been deceived or is easily deceived.

-) Translation: dupe, in French; incauto, in Spanish; babbeo, in Italian.

-) Synonyms: gull, simpleton, fool.

Sometimes the dupes would come back the following day, and demand the return of their money, as they had ascertained that the goods for which they had parted with it were worthless,

G. Reynolds… The mysteries of London… 1844 

What a dupe he had been! what a shallow, miserable fool! for he had believed as firmly in Margaret Wilmot's truth, as he had believed in the blue sky above his head.

Braddon… Henry Dunbar… 1864

-) With the preposition “of” + noun of the deceiver:

My charming friend, understand your own interests, and do not be the dupe of those fine phrases that we are obliged to employ to deceive others.

Edgeworth… Leonora… 1806

I am not so vain as to be the dupe of such a trick.

The Repository of arts… 1809

Perhaps you think that I am fool enough to be the dupe of your miserable and flimsy artifice,  Cecilia?

G. Reynolds… The mysteries of London… 1844 

The more I think of this, the stronger becomes my conviction that I have not been the dupe of a heartless or mercenary woman.

Braddon… Henry Dunbar… 1864

-) With the preposition “to” + noun of what is employed to deceive:

… from a milkiness of disposition, without the direction of prudence, […] he suffered himself to become a dupe to the artifices of some designing men.

Mackenzie… Julia… 1777

I became a dupe to his deceit.

Smollett… The Adventures… 1829

At least, all we know of his character inclines us rather to believe that Napier was a dupe to his own imagination, than that he desired to impose upon the opposite party…

Scott… Essay on Border Antiquities… 1834

-) Words derived from “dupe”: dupedom, dupism, duper, dupery, dupable, dupability, dupe (v).

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

lunes, 3 de febrero de 2025

/dull-meaning

/dull-meaning-etymology

-) Adjective.

-) Pronunciation: dʌl. 

-) Etymology: from Middle English dul.

-) Comparative form: duller. Superlative form: dullest.

-) 1. (Of a person) characterized by dullness or slowness; lacking acuteness or wit, but not so much as to be deemed fool; not prompt to learn, think, invent, etc.; slow of understanding; ineffective for using acutely his intelligence

-) Synonyms for “dull”: stupid, doltish.

-) Antonym: witty.

-) Translation: stupide, in French; estúpido, in Spanish; stupido, in Italian.

Every office has some little mysteries which the dullest man may learn with a little attention, and which the greatest man cannot possibly know by intuition. One paper must be signed by the chief of the department.

Macaulay… Critical and Historical Essays… 1860

How dull of him to misunderstand her!

G. Gissing… Born in Exile… 1892

-) 2. (Of a person or his/her senses) lacking sensibility or intensity of perception.

-) Synonym: blunted.

… she screamed into her grandfather's dull ear.

W. Howells… A Fearful Responsibility… 1881

The Lady Blanche looked at him with the dull eyes of a person who does not understand.

M. Ford… Ladies whose bright eyes… 1911

Tarzan crept stealthily among the branches of the tree above the well-fed, […]. He made no noise that the dull ears of man could hear above the soughing of the gentle jungle breeze among the undulating foliage of the upper terraces… 

E. Burroughs… Jungle… 1919

-) With the preposition “of” + noun or verbal noun, to specify the faulty sense:

Thou art dull of ear.

W. Scott… The Talisman… 1825

Captain Scoresby considers these animals extremely dull of hearing: for a noise in the air, such as is produced by a person loudly shouting, is not noticed when only at the distance of a ship's length.

J. Loudon… Natural history… 1832

We can not help thinking that men must have been singularly dull of comprehension, to find a difficulty in admitting what is to us so plain and simple.

J. Mill… A System of Logic… 1843

He could hear a new tone in his own voice when he replied, and was relieved to know the old man dull of perception.

H. Richardson… Australia Felix… 1917

-) 3. (Of a sensation, as pain, etc.) not intense; slightly felt.

… the discomfort then became merely a dull ache.

W. Howells… Indian Summer… 1885

-) 4. (Of a thing, an animal, etc.) slow in motion; not quick in action.

-) Synonyms: inactive, not brisk; sluggish, moped, inactive, slothful.

-) Antonyms: active, quick, cheery, nimble, sprightly, energetic, spry, perk.

So saying, and summing up the whole with a provoking wink, and such an interjectional tchick as men quicken a dull horse with, Petit Andre drew off to the other side of the path, and left the youth to digest the taunts he had treated him with, as his proud Scottish stomach best might.

W. Scott… Quentin Durward… 1823

Now they must plough at a dull pace through the encumbering snow, continually pausing to decide their course, continually floundering in drifts.

R. Stevenson… The Black Arrow… 1888

-) 5. (Of a trade, goods, merchandise, or the like) lacking commercial activity; not much in demand.

-) Synonym: brisk.

 Sales were exceedingly dull.

The Farmer's Magazine, vol. 24… 1823

The corn market was dull at prices as before.

The Farmer's Magazine

-) 6. (Of a person) being in no mood for cheerfulness; somewhat melancholic or sad.

-) Synonyms: dismal; dreary.

I felt myself dull and lonely, and was just thinking of you as you knocked at the door.

G. Reynolds… The mysteries of London… 1844

He was dull, except when he drank too much wine, and that, to be sure, was every day at dinner.

Thackeray… The Virginians… 1859

… all that evening he was dull and sorrowful,

M. Braddon… Birds of Prey… 1867

-) 7. (Of a thing) attended with dullness or irksomeness; causing no interest.

-) Synonyms: tedious, uninteresting, uneventful, cheerless; irksome.

-) Antonyms: exhilarating, interesting, eventful.

I have been thinking that this is a dull and lonely place for you.

G. Reynolds… The mysteries of London… 1844

He has the art of writing on dull subjects by no means in a dull style.

The Home and Foreign Review… 1864

I think it was the dullest little place I ever entered; and what with the monotony of an idle sea…

Dickens… The Letters… 1880

Then she and her aunt went into the large, dull library.

W. Howells… The Landlord… 1897

-) 8. (Of a tool, etc.) not sharp or keen; lacking sharpness; not keen in edge or point.

-) Synonyms: blunt, obtuse.

-) Antonyms: edged, sharp.

 I had three large axes, and abundance of hatchets […]; but, with much chopping and cutting knotty hard wood, they were all full of notches and dull.

D. Defoe… Robinson Crusoe… 1719

If there is anything more foolish than the custom of some farmers in using ill-shapen, badly-constructed and dull tools, […] we do not what it is.

The Valley Farmer, vol. 4-7

-) 9. (Of a color or a visual quality) -) a. Lacking brilliance. -) b. Lacking luster. -) c. Of little saturation. 

-) Synonyms: dim, tarnished.

-) Antonyms: bright, lustrous.

dull lamp was upon the drawers.

Dublin University Magazine

There was a small dull fire in the grate; and in a comfortable arm-chair near it, was seated the inspector - a short, stout, red-faced, consequential-looking man, with a pen stuck behind his left ear.

Reynolds… The mysteries of London… 1844

This mode may do for large brushes that have to be employed in the dull colours of some kinds of backgrounds.

T. Fielding… Painting… 1846

I was up with the dull dawn, and, having dressed as quietly as I could, looked into his room.

Dickens… Copperfield… 1850

… the style of a dull mind will always be like the reflection of a dull mirror.

 Putnam's Monthly, vol. 8… 1853

And I see a watchmaker’s with only three great pale watches of a dull metal hanging in his window, each in a separate pane.

Dickens… Two Idle Apprentices… 1857

Her brown arms were bare and banded with bracelets of some dull metal.

B. M. Bower… The Phantom Herd… 1916

-) 10. (Of an auditive or gustatory quality, sound, taste, etc.) not intense; indistinct.

Suddenly, however, a dull sound arose within a quarter of a mile from the city gate, as of some feeble attempt to blow a blast upon a trumpet.

Quincey… The Masque… 1832

… the dull sound of hammers began to echo through the stillness.

Dickens… Barnaby… 1841

And have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over acuteness of the senses? — now, I say, there came to my ears a low, dull, quick sound, such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton.

E. Poe… The Tell-Tale… 1843

At this idea I shrieked aloud, but the walls alone returned a dull echo to my cries.

W. Ainsworth… The Lancashire… Witches 1848

-) 11. (Of the weather) not clear or bright; cloudy.

During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens.

E. Poe… The Fall… 1839

-) English words derived from “dull”: dullness, dull (v.), dullard, dullardism, dullardness, dulled, dullify, dulling, dullish, dully (adv.)

 

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Your Book Translated into Spanish

martes, 7 de enero de 2025

/INDEX/









ABRASION ***ABRASIVE *** ABUT *** ACQUAINTED *** ADMITTEDLY *** ADVENTITIOUS ***AFFAIR *** ANORGASMIA *** ANORGASMIC *** APPLIANCE *** ATTIRE*** BANDY (verb) *** BANTER *** BED** BETIMES *** BEGUILE *** BEHOVE (BEHOOVE) *** BESET *** BESTRIDE *** BETRAY *** BLAME *** BLEND *** BLUNDER *** BOLD  *** BOUND *** BRAG *** BRIBE *** BRISK *** BRISK (verb)*** BROWBEAT *** BULLY *** CARELESS *** CAUTION (verb)*** CELEBRATE *** CHARY *** CHERISH *** CHIP *** CHUCKLE (verb) *** CLAMBER *** CLAP *** CLASS *** CLING (verb) *** COITAL *** COLLAPSE *** COMPROMISE *** COLLUDE *** CONGENIAL *** CONSULTEE *** CORRESPOND *** CRAM *** CRAVE *** CRAVEN *** CRUISE *** CUDDLE ***  CUNNILINGUE (verb) *** CURSORY *** CURTSY *** DAUNT *** DECIDE *** DEEM *** DEFLECT *** DELUDE *** DEMUR *** DEMURE *** DEPOSE *** DESCRY *** DESERVE *** DESIST *** DESULTORY *** DETAIL *** DETER *** DETRIMENT *** DIM *** DINT *** DIP *** DISABUSE *** DISCLAIM *** DISPORT *** DISPROVE *** DISPUTE *** DISROBE *** DISSAVE *** DISSEMBLE *** DRIVEL *** DRONE *** DROOP *** DULL *** DUPE *** EASE *** ELATE *** ELOPE *** ENCROACH *** ENHANCE *** ENJOIN *** ENLARGE *** ENSNARE *** ENSURE *** ENTICE *** ESCALADE *** ESCHEW *** EXCELLENCY *** EXPANSION *** EXTOL *** EXTORT *** FELLATE *** FELLATOR *** FELLATRIX *** FILCH *** FINGER *** FLABBY *** FLAG *** FLAUNT *** FLINCH *** FLIT *** FLURRY *** FOIBLE *** FORFEIT *** FORGO *** FREAK *** FUSS *** GADGET *** GAPE *** GARRULOUS *** GAZE *** GLOSS *** GRATUITOUS *** GRIM *** GROVEL *** GRUDGE*** GUSH *** HARASS *** HESITATE *** HOARD (verb) *** HURRY *** IMBUE ***IMMERSE ***INDEMNIFY ***INDICATIVE *** INDIVERTIBLE *** INFERRIBLE *** INTROVERT (verb) *** INTRUDE *** ITERATION ***JOLT (verb) *** KNACK *** LAG (verb) *** LEAVE (noun) *** LEISURE *** LOAF (verb) *** LOOM *** LULL **** MANNER ***MASTURBATE ***MASTURBATION *** MINCE *** MISATTRIBUTION *** MISBECOME *** MISBEHAVE *** MISRECKON *** MISTIME*** MISTRUST (verb) *** MISWRITE *** MOOD *** MOULT **** MOPE*** NIGGARD *** NIGGARDLY *** NORM ***NOSEY ***NOSH *** NOVELIZE ***OBSCENE*** OFFEND*** OLFACTION ***ORGASM (verb)*** OTHERWISE *** OUTLOOK *** OUTNUMBER *** OVEREAT *** OVERSLEEP *** OVERSTAY *** OWN *** PARDON *** PARRY *** PEER *** PERCOLATE *** PERT *** PIQUE *** POMP** PORNOGRAPHY *** PRAISE (verb) *** PREPARATORY *** PROSE (verb)*** PRY (verb) *** PUNY *** PURSUANTLY *** QUAIL *** QUELL *** QUIESCE *** QUIZ *** RAMBLE ***RANKLE *** RAPACIOUS *** RASH *** RAVE *** REBUFF (verb) *** RECLAIM *** REINSPECT *** RELAPSE (verb) *** RELENT *** REMISS *** REMITTANCE *** REQUITE *** RESEARCH *** RESPITE *** RESTORE  *** ROMP *** ROOF (verb) *** ROTE *** SCAMP *** SCAN *** SCORN (verb) *** SCOWL *** SCROLL ** SCRUB *** SEMANTICIZE  *** SHABBY *** SHY *** SLIGHT (verb) *** SEXILY ***SEXINESS*** SLURP *** SLUT *** SMART *** SNOOP *** SOPPY *** SPILL *** SPRAWL *** SPRINKLE *** SQUAT *** STAGER *** STINT *** STOOP *** STYLE (v.) *** SUBVERSIVE *** SULK *** TALLY *** TARRY *** TEACHABLE *** TEMPORIZE *** TENDER *** THRIVE *** TOTTER *** TRANSLOCATE *** TREND *** TUTOR ***UNACCEPTANCE *** UNACQUAINTED ***UNACQUIRED*** UNARTFUL ***UNDECEIVE*** UNDECEIVER *** UNDERGO *** UNDERRATE *** UNDERSTATE *** UPBRAID *** VANQUISH *** VAPID *** YELL *** WANTEDNESS*** WEAN *** WEATHER-BOUND *** WEEDERY *** WINCE ***